Study on bioaerosol diffusion and deposition in a mobile BSL-4 laboratory based on air age analysis

Biosafety issues have aroused global concern, especially after the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron strain of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused incalculable human and property losses. Laboratory-acquired infections (LAIs) caused by improper operations or accidents are frequently reported. Research is urgently needed for a mobile biosafety level-4 (BSL-4) laboratory with a high risk for exposure. Deposition characteristics and the spatial distribution of bioaerosols under two typical cases were studied in this paper. Based on the age of air and simulation of airflow pattern, a detailed analysis of infection risk and the distribution of bioaerosols was conducted. The deposition characteristics of particles on different surfaces were analyzed based on particle tracking technology. The results showed that the removal rate of bioaerosols was lower in the space area of the laboratory from 1.6 m above the ground. The distribution of high-risk areas is affected by the coupling of equipment layout and pollution sources, mainly located downstream of the main airflow in the laboratory, and the particle concentration was eight times that of the low-risk areas. More than half of bioaerosol particles are deposited on laboratory equipment and walls. The number of particles deposited on the wall was the largest, accounting for 25.02% of the total. The unit area deposition ratio of the experimental table was the highest, which was 6.14 %/m2. The main deposition area of each surface was determined, which could be of guiding significance to the determination of the key disinfection location of the mobile BSL-4 laboratory. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

A comprehensive and systematic review of the banking systems based on pay-as-you-go payment fashion and cloud computing in the pandemic era

The early identification of COVID-19 is critical to prevent the disease from spreading at the community level. Cloud computing allows healthcare providers to enhance patient care, exchange information more quickly, increase operational efficiency, and save expenses. Thus, this research investigates cloud computing applications in the context of an outbreak. We gathered, summarized, and evaluated scientific papers on cloud computing throughout an outbreak that were released between 2020 and April 2022 for this Systematic Literature Review (SLR). We employed a pre-defined review methodology to examine commonly known electronic datasets. Keywords were used to look for all publications connected to the subject. 18 papers were chosen for this SLR after thoroughly following the research selection method. This review paper offers current state-of-the-art outcomes and methodologies on cloud computing throughout an epidemic, outlining research gaps and providing directions for future research. The results showed that cloud computing plays a crucial role in addressing and relieving side effects in vital situations such as the coronavirus epidemic. We tried to provide a comprehensive study, but non-English articles were not included in this study, so future studies can provide a more comprehensive study by considering all articles in Chinese, Japanese, etc.

Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination on Outcomes of COVID-19 in ESKD Patients on Dialysis

Background: COVID-19 is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with ESKD on chronic dialysis. Vaccination against other viruses is known to be less effective in these patients compared to the general population. Data on the titers of antibody following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in these patients is inconsistent. The efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination to prevent severe disease in ESKD patients with COVID-19 remain unknown. We compared the incidence of hospitalization and COVID-19 related death after COVID-19 disease in dialysis patients based on SARSCoV- 2 vaccine status. Method(s): Single-center, retrospective cohort study. We included all adults on dialysis (in-center and home) within the Mayo Clinic Health System in the Midwest (USA) with laboratory proven SARS-CoV-2 infection between 1/1/2020 and 3/30/2022 (n=225). Patients' demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory data including SARS-CoV2 infection test results, and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination information were collected. The primary outcome was the incidence of hospitalization and COVID-19 related death after COVID-19 disease. Result(s): 244 infections occurred in 225 patients, 119 (49%) were vaccinated and 8.4% (n=19) died. Among those who died, 73.7% (n=14) were not vaccinated compared to 49.3% of those who were alive (p=0.041). A total of 78 patients had 83 hospitalizations;71.1% were not vaccinated compared to 41% not hospitalized (p<0.001) (Table). Conclusion(s): The incidence of hospitalization and COVID-19 related death after COVID-19 disease was significantly higher in non-vaccinated compared to vaccinated dialysis patients. This data suggests that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination improves outcomes in dialysis patients who develop COVID-19 disease. Table - Death and hospitalization in vaccinated and non-vaccinated dialysis patients a Total 244 infections. 18 patients had reinfection (1 with 2 reinfections and 17 with one reinfection). Among the 18 patients with reinfection, 2 died, 8 were not hospitalized, 4 were hospitalized after 1st COVID, and 5 were hospitalized after 2nd COVID. b Total 225 infections. c Among 78 patients.

A Research Agenda for Real Estate

Offering fresh insights into the key emerging issues in the field, including the changing socio-economic contexts brought about by the rise of the millennial generation and the creative class, the Covid-19 pandemic, and a greater emphasis on social responsibility, this forward-looking Research Agenda critically debates and rethinks theories and practices in the property sector. © Piyush Tiwari and Julie T. Miao 2022. All rights reserved.

Identifying Risk Transmission in Carbon Market With Energy, Commodity and Financial Markets: Evidence From Time-Frequency and Extreme Risk Spillovers

The carbon market is a vital tool to achieve carbon neutrality. This paper uses daily closing price data of Shenzhen carbon trading market, energy, commodity and financial markets from 18 October 2018 to 19 August 2021, examining the transmission of risk/information from the perspective of market volatility spillover and tail risk transmission based on quantile spillover. The stock market crash and COVID-19 have increased the volatility of the system substantially. Next, the increase in trading frequency is accompanied by an increase in total volatility connectivity, and the carbon market transforms into a recipient of systemic shocks. Finally, the results of tail risk transmission reveal that the net effect of carbon reception increases significantly. These findings have implications for policymakers to improve the carbon market and provide important insights for investors to trade in turbulent periods.

Raising productivity and housing the economy1

The urban epidemics of the late nineteenth century shaped housing policies into the 1970‘s and provided better housing outcomes for many. Recent decades, with different policy settings prevailing, have seen rising levels of homelessness, burgeoning queues for social housing and a pervasive crisis of housing affordability for younger people. Tax and other policies that encouraged investment in housing for capital gain have diverted national savings into higher housing costs and debts. Major shifts in wealth have been driven by gains from ‘rentier’ rather than ‘entrepreneurial’ behaviours. Rising house prices and rents have had significant, negative, productivity effects and induced housing outcomes that have reduced labour productivity. Productivity and wellbeing, for the majority, have been eroded by high, and rising, housing and land costs. Covid-19 has revealed the cracks in advanced economy housing systems that policies ignored after the GFC. The housing consequences of Covid-19 have already needed urgent actions for homeless and poorer, overcrowded households. The role of housing in recovery stimulus investment programmes urgently needs a new analytical lens recognising the productivity effects identified in PIN research. The consequences of working at home and the future pandemic risks of present structures of dwellings and cities and the ‘scarring’ effects of economic effects of Covid-19 in poorer communities and neighbourhoods raise new challenges. At the same time metropolitan and national governments need to construct housing policy missions for change that will refocus housing on promoting wellbeing and raising labour productivity over the decade ahead. © Philip McCann and Tim Vorley 2021.